Modern Scientific Press

ABSTRACT: There is growing enthusiasm for the position that no single particle solves the puzzle of dark matter in the cosmos, a shift in perspective to include alternate ideas may offer part of the answer. Here, we advocate the (less than conventional, but not totally new) idea of negative mass as one possible contributor to the solution. We address the subject by empirically constructing a unified potential valid from the macro-gravity scales through the quantum scales that is non-symmetric between positive mass and negative mass particles. We discuss the similarities and differences between well-known potentials for traditional all-positive-mass particles, and, address the possibility that the Newtonian potential could be a first-order approximation to a sine function. Our fully unified potential (VU) agrees with current data-consistent potentials from the largest macro scales down to quantum scales. Unlike Newton’s potential which is only a function of mass, VU is a function of mass, and the square-root of mass which impacts the negative mass behavior. The positive mass characterization is discussed here. In the macro-scale’s far field, VU has the usual 1/r decay. However, it also shows an oscillating transition between quantum-scales and macro-scales where the Casimir effect is seen. The super-massive scales also show this oscillating quantum-like behavior in the near-field region.

ABSTRACT: We proposed possible entropy decrease due to fluctuation magnification and internal interactions in isolated systems, and these systems are only approximation. This possibility exists in transformations of internal energy, complex systems, and some new systems with lower entropy, nonlinear interactions, etc. Self-organization and self-assembly must be entropy decrease. Generally, much structures of Nature all are various self-assembly and self-organizations. We research some possible tests and predictions on entropy decrease in isolated systems. They include various self-organizations and self-assembly, some critical phenomena, physical surfaces and films, chemical reactions and catalysts, various biological membranes and enzymes, and new synthetic life, etc. They exist possibly in some microscopic regions, nonlinear phenomena, many evolutional processes and complex systems, etc. As long as we break through the bondage of the second law of thermodynamics, the rich and complex world is full of examples of entropy decrease.